equipment

The instrumentation at the LSAM laboratory currently consists of a system of interconnected UHV chambers equipped with various sources and diagnostic tools for spectroscopic and microscopic measurements. In particular, LSAM features:

• Load-lock chamber for rapid sample insertion
• Preparation chamber (heating and erosion via argon and hydrogen ions)
• Analysis chamber with ports for standard UHV instrumentation
• Pumping systems including primary, turbomolecular, and ion pumps (ultimate pressures down to 5×10⁻¹⁰ mbar), as well as pressure gauges

The analysis chamber is equipped with the following scientific instruments:

• Monochromatized X-ray source Focus 500
• UV source UVS300
• Electron source EQ 22/35
• Ion gun IQE 12/38
• Hemispherical electron analyzer Phoibos 150 2D-CMOS
• Erosion apparatus (ion guns)
• Scanning tunneling microscope Aarhus 150 with Nanonis electronics
• Multi-pocket e-beam evaporator EBE-4
• Low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) instrument ErLEED 150/3G
• Mass spectrometer SRS-RGA 100
• Molecular evaporator

The LSAM laboratory is optimized to investigate the atomic and electronic structures of crystalline sample surfaces, ordered films on planar substrates, as well as amorphous or rough samples.